{"id":9489,"date":"2025-02-10T09:48:46","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T08:48:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/?p=9489"},"modified":"2026-02-04T16:12:37","modified_gmt":"2026-02-04T15:12:37","slug":"jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/","title":{"rendered":"Jazyky Stredozeme: Sindarin, Khuzdul a Westron"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tentokr\u00e1t sa podrobnej\u0161ie pozrieme na <strong>sindar\u010dinu<\/strong>, zist\u00edme viac o <strong>tajnom jazyku trpasl\u00edkov, khuzdule<\/strong>, a dozvieme sa hist\u00f3riu <strong>spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho jazyka Stredozeme, jazyka westron<\/strong>.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah publik\u00e1cie:<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a15387c7b740\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" style='display:none' id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a15387c7b740\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Co_sa_v_tomto_clanku_dozvieme\" >\u010co sa v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku dozvieme?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Sindarcina_typicky_%E2%80%9Eelfsky_jazyk%E2%80%9C\" >Sindar\u010dina: typick\u00fd &#8222;elfsk\u00fd jazyk&#8220;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Casto_kladene_otazky_FAQ\" >\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky (FAQ):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Povod_sindarciny\" >P\u00f4vod sindar\u010diny<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Sindarin_v_historii_Stredozeme\" >Sindarin v hist\u00f3rii Stredozeme<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Podme_sa_naucit_nejaku_sindarinsku_slovnu_zasobu\" >Po\u010fme sa nau\u010di\u0165 nejak\u00fa sindarinsk\u00fa slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Podme_si_precitat_nieco_zo_sindarciny\" >Po\u010fme si pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 nie\u010do zo sindar\u010diny.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Khuzdul_tajny_jazyk_trpaslikov\" >Khuzdul: tajn\u00fd jazyk trpasl\u00edkov<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Co_vieme_o_Khuzdule\" >\u010co vieme o Khuzdule?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Khuzdulsky_system_pisania\" >Khuzdulsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m p\u00edsania<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Historia_khuzdulu\" >Hist\u00f3ria khuzdulu<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Podme_si_precitat_nieco_z_Khuzdulu\" >Po\u010fme si pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 nie\u010do z Khuzdulu.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Westron_spolocny_jazyk_Stredozeme\" >Westron: spolo\u010dn\u00fd jazyk Stredozeme<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Historia_jazyka_westron\" >Hist\u00f3ria jazyka westron<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Westron_v_knihach\" >Westron v knih\u00e1ch<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Kde_sa_naucit_sindarcinu_khuzdul_a_westron\" >Kde sa nau\u010di\u0165 sindar\u010dinu, khuzdul a westron?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#Sindarin_Khuzdul_and_Westron_Zaver\" >Sindarin, Khuzdul and Westron: Z\u00e1ver<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/jazyky-stredozeme-sindarin-khuzdul-a-westron\/#V_kocke\" >V kocke<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_sa_v_tomto_clanku_dozvieme\"><\/span><strong>\u010co sa v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku dozvieme?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u010co je sindar\u010dina?<\/li>\n<li>Kto ju pou\u017e\u00edval?<\/li>\n<li>\u010co je khuzdul?<\/li>\n<li>Pre\u010do bol tento jazyk tajn\u00fd?<\/li>\n<li>\u010co je westron?<\/li>\n<li>Kto ho pou\u017e\u00edval v Stredozemi?<\/li>\n<li>Je mo\u017en\u00e9 sa niektor\u00fd z t\u00fdchto jazykov nau\u010di\u0165?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vydajme sa na cestu!<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sindarcina_typicky_%E2%80%9Eelfsky_jazyk%E2%80%9C\"><\/span><strong>Sindar\u010dina: typick\u00fd &#8222;elfsk\u00fd jazyk&#8220;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sindar\u010dina je <strong>jazyk, ktor\u00fd si v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed sp\u00e1ja s elfmi<\/strong>, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 je to <strong>najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00ed elfsk\u00fd jazyk<\/strong> v <em>P\u00e1novi prste\u0148ov<\/em>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-section\">\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Casto_kladene_otazky_FAQ\"><\/span>\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky (FAQ):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"question1\">\u010co je sindar\u010dina?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer1\">Sindar\u010dina je jazyk najviac sp\u00e1jan\u00fd s elfmi Stredozeme. Tolkien ju vytvoril v roku 1944 a sna\u017eil sa, aby znela podobne ako wale\u0161tina. Bola to lingua franca medzi elfmi a ich spojencami. Ke\u010f sa Frodo p\u00fdta na elfsk\u00e9 slovo pre \u201epriate\u013ea\u201c, mysl\u00ed t\u00fdm slovo v sindar\u010dine.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question2\">Ako sa nau\u010di\u0165 sindar\u010dinu?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer2\">Na internete mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 preklada\u010de, \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 weby a online kurzy. Akon\u00e1hle zvl\u00e1dnete z\u00e1klady, m\u00f4\u017eete si \u010d\u00edta\u0165 knihy P\u00e1na prste\u0148ov, vyh\u013ead\u00e1va\u0165 sindarsk\u00e9 texty a sna\u017ei\u0165 sa im porozumie\u0165.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question3\">Na akom jazyku je sindar\u010dina zalo\u017een\u00e1?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer3\">Sindar\u010dina je in\u0161pirovan\u00e1 wale\u0161tinou a jej vz\u0165ah k jazyku quenya je podobn\u00fd ako vz\u0165ah wale\u0161tiny k latin\u010dine.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question4\">\u010co je khuzdul?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer4\">Khuzdul je tajn\u00fd jazyk trpasl\u00edkov. Jeho slovn\u00e1 z\u00e1soba je ve\u013emi obmedzen\u00e1, preto\u017ee trpasl\u00edci svoj jazyk z\u00e1merne dr\u017eali v tajnosti. Khuzdul znie drsne a tvrdo, \u010do je v kontraste s mel\u00f3diou elfsk\u00fdch jazykov.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question5\">Ako sa nau\u010di\u0165 khuzdul?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer5\">Na internete mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 nieko\u013eko zdrojov na u\u010denie khuzdulu, ale Tolkien nevytvoril ve\u013ea slovnej z\u00e1soby, tak\u017ee mo\u017enosti \u0161t\u00fadia s\u00fa obmedzen\u00e9.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question6\">Na akom jazyku je khuzdul zalo\u017een\u00fd?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer6\">Tolkien sa pri tvorbe khuzdulu in\u0161piroval hebrej\u010dinou.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question7\">\u010co je z\u00e1pad\u010dina (Westron)?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer7\">Z\u00e1pad\u010dina bola p\u00f4vodne jazykom D\u00fanadanov, ale ku koncu Tretieho veku sa stala najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00edm jazykom v severoz\u00e1padnej \u010dasti Stredozeme.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question8\">Ako sa nau\u010di\u0165 westron?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer8\">Na internete mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 r\u00f4zne materi\u00e1ly na u\u010denie jazyka Westron. \u010eal\u0161ou mo\u017enos\u0165ou je zapojenie sa do fan\u00fa\u0161ikovsk\u00fdch komun\u00edt, kde sa m\u00f4\u017eete dozvedie\u0165 viac o jazykoch Stredozeme.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question9\">Na akom jazyku je westron zalo\u017een\u00fd?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer9\">Westron poch\u00e1dza z ad\u00fbnaiku, jazyka N\u00famenorejcov. Obsahuje tie\u017e prvky khuzdulu, ale \u010dasom bola ovplyvnen\u00e1 sindar\u010dinou, ktor\u00e1 ju zjemnila.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_02.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9882\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_02.jpg\" alt=\"sindarin\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_02.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_02-980x572.jpg 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_02-480x280.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Povod_sindarciny\"><\/span><strong>P\u00f4vod sindar\u010diny<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tolkien vytvoril sindar\u010dinu okolo roku <strong>1944<\/strong>, s cie\u013eom, aby <strong>p\u00f4sobila ako prirodzen\u00fd jazyk podobn\u00fd wale\u0161tine<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Autor <em>P\u00e1na prste\u0148ov<\/em> nap\u00edsal mnoho textov v tomto jazyku, aby <strong>p\u00f4sobil autenticky<\/strong>, ale nikdy neposkytol \u00fapln\u00fd popis gramatiky vo svojich knih\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Od 70. rokov za\u010dali fan\u00fa\u0161ikovia p\u00edsa\u0165 <strong>b\u00e1sne, men\u00e1 a nov\u00e9 slov\u00e1<\/strong>, \u010d\u00edm prispeli k \u010fal\u0161iemu rozvoju sindar\u010diny.<\/p>\n<p>Treba poznamena\u0165, \u017ee Tolkien nechcel, aby jeho <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a> boli nato\u013eko \u00fapln\u00e9, aby umo\u017e\u0148ovali plynul\u00fa konverz\u00e1ciu. Preto novovytvoren\u00e9 texty v sindarin\u010dine, vr\u00e1tane dial\u00f3gov z filmov <strong>P\u00e1n prste\u0148ov<\/strong>, \u010dasto obsahuj\u00fa nov\u00e9 slov\u00e1 a gramatick\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary, ktor\u00e9 nepoch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa priamo od neho.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sindarin_v_historii_Stredozeme\"><\/span>Sindarin v hist\u00f3rii Stredozeme<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>V r\u00ed\u0161i Stredozeme, v Druhom veku, bola sindar\u010dina <em>lingua franca<\/em> medzi elfmi a ich priate\u013emi. Preto bola Z\u00e1padn\u00e1 br\u00e1na M\u00f3rie nap\u00edsan\u00e1 v tomto jazyku. Ke\u010f sa Frodo p\u00fdta, ak\u00e9 je elfsk\u00e9 slovo pre &#8222;priate\u013e&#8220;, mysl\u00ed t\u00fdm, ak\u00e9 je sindarinsk\u00e9 slovo pre &#8222;priate\u013e&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>V Tre\u0165om veku v\u0161ak nast\u00fapil z\u00e1padozemsk\u00fd jazyk, ktor\u00fd nahradil sindar\u010dinu ako univerz\u00e1lny jazyk Stredozeme. Napriek tomu bol z\u00e1padozemsk\u00fd jazyk silne ovplyvnen\u00fd svojim elfsk\u00fdm predchodcom.<\/p>\n<p>V Tre\u0165om veku v\u0161ak sindarin\u010dinu st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvali niektor\u00ed urodzen\u00ed obyvatelia Minas Tirith. Navy\u0161e, Aragorn, ktor\u00fd vyrastal medzi elfmi v Roklinke, n\u00edm hovoril plynule.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Podme_sa_naucit_nejaku_sindarinsku_slovnu_zasobu\"><\/span>Po\u010fme sa nau\u010di\u0165 nejak\u00fa sindarinsk\u00fa slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>V roku 2008 existovalo pribli\u017ene 25 000 publikovan\u00fdch slov v sindar\u010dine. Po\u010fme sa niektor\u00e9 z nich nau\u010di\u0165 z tabu\u013eky uvedenej ni\u017e\u0161ie:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Podme_si_precitat_nieco_zo_sindarciny\"><\/span>Po\u010fme si pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 nie\u010do zo sindar\u010diny.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kniha <em>P\u00e1n prste\u0148ov<\/em> obsahuje dlh\u00fa b\u00e1se\u0148 nap\u00edsan\u00fa v sindarinskom jazyku. Vol\u00e1 sa <em>A Elbereth Gilthoniel<\/em> a je to elfsk\u00fd hymnus na Vardu. Varda, alebo Elbereth, bola jednou z anjelsk\u00fdch bytost\u00ed sl\u00fa\u017eiacich Eru Il\u00favatarovi, \u010do je ekvivalent kres\u0165ansk\u00e9ho Boha.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e1se\u0148 je nap\u00edsan\u00e1 v jambick\u00fdch tetrametroch a bola prirovn\u00e1van\u00e1 k r\u00edmskokatol\u00edckym spevom k M\u00e1rii, matke Je\u017ei\u0161a.<\/p>\n<p>\u017dia\u013e, <em>P\u00e1n prste\u0148ov<\/em> neobsahuje \u017eiadny preklad tejto skladby. V knih\u00e1ch je v\u0161ak op\u00edsan\u00e1 takto:<\/p>\n<p>\u201eSladk\u00e9 slabiky elfsk\u00e9ho spevu padali ako jasn\u00e9 drahokamy spojen\u00e9ho slova a mel\u00f3die. \u201aJe to piese\u0148 pre Elbereth,\u2018 povedal Bilbo\u201c (<em>P\u00e1n prste\u0148ov<\/em>, J.R.R. Tolkien)<\/p>\n<p>Nesk\u00f4r v knihe je aj n\u00e1znak v\u00fdznamu:<\/p>\n<p>\u201eDobr\u00fa noc! Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee sa prejdem a pozriem si hviezdy Elbereth v z\u00e1hrade. Spi dobre!\u201c (<em>P\u00e1n prste\u0148ov<\/em>, J.R.R. Tolkien)<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161\u0165astie, <em>The Road Goes On<\/em>, zbierka notov\u00fdch z\u00e1pisov z roku 1967, ktor\u00fa nap\u00edsal britsk\u00fd skladate\u013e Donald Swann ako sprievod k po\u00e9zii zo Stredozeme, obsahuje preklad tejto b\u00e1sne.<\/p>\n<p>Tu je b\u00e1se\u0148 v sindar\u010dine:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>A Elbereth Gilthoniel<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>silivren penna m\u00edriel<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>o menel aglar elenath!<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Na-chaered palan-d\u00edriel<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>o galadhremmin ennorath,<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Fanuilos, le linnathon<\/em> <em>Everwhite,\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>nef aear, s\u00ed nef aearon!\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>A Elbereth Gilthoniel<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>o menel palan-diriel,<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>le nallon s\u00ed di\u2019nguruthos!<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>A tiro nin, Fanuilos!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A tu je slovensk\u00fd preklad:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>O Elbereth, Ty, ktor\u00e1 rozpa\u013euje\u0161 hviezdy,<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em> (biele) trblietav\u00e9 l\u00fa\u010de sa skl\u00e1\u0148aj\u00fa,<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em> iskriace sa ako drahokamy<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>z nebeskej klenby, sl\u00e1va z\u00e1stupu hviezd!<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Do vzdialenej dia\u013eky h\u013eadiac,<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>zo zamotan\u00fdch stredn\u00fdch zem\u00ed,<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Fanuilos, tebe budem spieva\u0165,<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>na tejto strane mora, tu na tejto strane Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mora!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>To je v\u0161etko, \u010do sa t\u00fdka sindarinsk\u00e9ho jazyka. V \u010fal\u0161ej \u010dasti \u010dl\u00e1nku uvid\u00edme, kde sa ho m\u00f4\u017eete nau\u010di\u0165 hovori\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_03.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9883\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_03.jpg\" alt=\"khuzdul\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_03.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_03-980x572.jpg 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_03-480x280.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khuzdul_tajny_jazyk_trpaslikov\"><\/span><strong>Khuzdul: tajn\u00fd jazyk trpasl\u00edkov<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tolkien za\u010dal khuzdul vyv\u00edja\u0165 <strong>e\u0161te pred vydan\u00edm <em>Hobita<\/em> (1937)<\/strong> a niektor\u00e9 jeho slov\u00e1 sa objavili u\u017e v ran\u00fdch verzi\u00e1ch <em>Silmarillionu<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Hebrej\u010dina bola hlavn\u00fdm zdrojom in\u0161pir\u00e1cie pre tento trpasli\u010d\u00ed jazyk. Tolkien tie\u017e pouk\u00e1zal na ur\u010dit\u00e9 paralely medzi \u017didmi a trpasl\u00edkmi. Jedni aj druh\u00ed boli miestnymi a z\u00e1rove\u0148 cudzincami vo svojej vlastnej krajine.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_vieme_o_Khuzdule\"><\/span>\u010co vieme o Khuzdule?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u017dia\u013e, slovn\u00e1 z\u00e1soba Khuzdulu je ve\u013emi obmedzen\u00e1. Napriek tomu Tolkien tvrdil, \u017ee tento jazyk do istej miery rozvinul, vr\u00e1tane fonol\u00f3gie a gramatiky.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160trukt\u00fara slab\u00edk Khuzdulu sp\u00f4sobovala, \u017ee tento jazyk znel drsne, najm\u00e1 pod\u013ea elfov, ktor\u00ed pova\u017eovali jeho zvuk za \u0161kared\u00fd. V skuto\u010dnosti s\u00e1m Tolkien uviedol, \u017ee trpasli\u010d\u00ed jazyk bol kakofonick\u00fd, a nie kr\u00e1sny.<\/p>\n<p>Khuzdul dali trpasl\u00edkom Aul\u00eb &#8211; bo\u017esk\u00fd kov\u00e1\u010d a jedna z nesmrte\u013en\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa podie\u013eali na stvoren\u00ed Ardy (ekvivalent Zeme v skuto\u010dnom svete). A ke\u010f\u017ee trpasl\u00edci prejavovali Aul\u00ebmu hlbok\u00fa \u00factu, v Khuzdule sa \u010dasom urobilo len m\u00e1lo zmien.<\/p>\n<p>Trpasl\u00edci pou\u017e\u00edvali Cirith, p\u00edsmo, ktor\u00e9 vytvoril Tolkien a ktor\u00e9 vych\u00e1dza z r\u00fanov\u00e9ho p\u00edsma v skuto\u010dnom svete, na zapisovanie Khuzdulu. Trpasl\u00edci prevzali runy od elfov a upravili ich tak, aby lep\u0161ie reprezentovali jazyk Khuzdul.<\/p>\n<p>Trpasl\u00edci svoj jazyk <strong>ne\u0161\u00edrili medzi in\u00fdmi rasami<\/strong>, preto\u017ee ho pova\u017eovali za posv\u00e4tn\u00fd. Dokonca aj medzi sebou ho pou\u017e\u00edvali len zriedka a rad\u0161ej hovorili in\u00fdmi jazykmi pri kontakte s okolit\u00fdm svetom.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khuzdulsky_system_pisania\"><\/span>Khuzdulsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m p\u00edsania<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Trpasl\u00edci nakoniec pou\u017e\u00edvali dva r\u00f4zne sp\u00f4soby p\u00edsania. Jeden z nich vyvinuli obyvatelia M\u00f3rie v Khazad-d\u00fbm a druh\u00fd poch\u00e1dzal z Ereboru &#8211; Osamotenej hory zn\u00e1mej z <em>Hobita<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Pozrime sa na trpasli\u010d\u00ed bojov\u00fd pokrik nap\u00edsan\u00fd v oboch verzi\u00e1ch Cirith, m\u00f3rijskej aj ereborskej.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f3ria:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-02-160812.png\" alt=\"Jazyk moria\" \/><\/p>\n<p>(Zdroj: Wikipedia)<\/p>\n<p>a romanizovan\u00e1 verzia:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>baruk khaz\u00e2d khaz\u00e2d \u02bbaim\u00eanu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Erebor:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-02-161140.png\" alt=\"Jazyk erebor\" \/><\/p>\n<p>(Zdroj: Wikipedia)<\/p>\n<p>a romanizovan\u00e1 verzia:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>baruk khaz\u00e2d khaz\u00e2d aim\u00eanu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historia_khuzdulu\"><\/span><strong>Hist\u00f3ria khuzdulu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u010co sa t\u00fdka vn\u00fatornej hist\u00f3rie tohto jazyka, o Khuzdule vieme len m\u00e1lo. Je to hlavne preto, \u017ee ho trpasl\u00edci udr\u017eiavali v tajnosti. Verili, \u017ee tento jazyk je vyhraden\u00fd len pre nich, tak\u017ee ho in\u00fdm ras\u00e1m u\u010dili len neochotne. Tie\u017e ho urobili drsn\u00fdm a \u0165a\u017eko pou\u017eite\u013en\u00fdm, aby bolo ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 sa ho nau\u010di\u0165 a hovori\u0165 n\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>V skuto\u010dnosti trpasl\u00edci pou\u017e\u00edvali <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">in\u00e9 jazyky<\/a> na komunik\u00e1ciu s cudzincami (napr\u00edklad Westron). Khuzdul pou\u017e\u00edvali len medzi sebou.<\/p>\n<p>Najvy\u0161\u0161ia \u00farove\u0148 utajenia bola vyhraden\u00e1 pre ich skuto\u010dn\u00e9 men\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 trpasl\u00edci pova\u017eovali za ve\u013emi int\u00edmne. Men\u00e1 trpasl\u00edkov, ktor\u00fdch v\u0161etci pozn\u00e1me z kn\u00edh a filmov, s\u00fa v\u0161etko &#8222;vonkaj\u0161ie men\u00e1&#8220; ur\u010den\u00e9 pre in\u00e9 rasy.<\/p>\n<p>Kv\u00f4li \u00fazkemu priate\u013estvu s niektor\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi zo Stredozeme v\u0161ak Khuzdul pou\u017e\u00edvali aj medzi sebou v ich pr\u00edtomnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010fme sa teraz nau\u010di\u0165 nejak\u00fa slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Podme_si_precitat_nieco_z_Khuzdulu\"><\/span>Po\u010fme si pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 nie\u010do z Khuzdulu.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Tu s\u00fa 3 fr\u00e1zy v Khuzdule, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v niektor\u00fdch dielach J.R.R. Tolkiena. Pozrime sa, \u010do znamenaj\u00fa v sloven\u010dine:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Balin Fundinul Uzbad Khazadd\u00fbmu<\/em> \u2014 Balin, syn Fundina, p\u00e1n M\u00f3rie<\/li>\n<li><em>baruk Khaz\u00e2d<\/em> \u2014 sekery trpasl\u00edkov<\/li>\n<li><em>Khaz\u00e2d ai-m\u00eanu<\/em> \u2014 trpasl\u00edci id\u00fa na v\u00e1s!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Teraz vid\u00edme, \u017ee bojov\u00fd pokrik, ktor\u00fd sme sk\u00famali predt\u00fdm, sa d\u00e1 zhruba pochopi\u0165 ako &#8222;Sekery trpasl\u00edkov, trpasl\u00edci id\u00fa na v\u00e1s!&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>To je z Khuzdulu v\u0161etko. Zosta\u0148te s nami a\u017e do konca a uvid\u00edte, kde sa m\u00f4\u017eete nie\u010do z tohto jazyka nau\u010di\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_04.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9881\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_04.jpg\" alt=\"westron\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_04.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_04-980x572.jpg 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Blog_2026_sindarin_04-480x280.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Westron_spolocny_jazyk_Stredozeme\"><\/span><strong>Westron: spolo\u010dn\u00fd jazyk Stredozeme<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>P\u00f4vodne bol z\u00e1padozemsk\u00fd jazyk jazykom D\u00fanedain zo Stredozeme, ale koncom Tretieho veku ho pou\u017e\u00edvala v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina bytost\u00ed zo severoz\u00e1padnej oblasti tohto fikt\u00edvneho sveta.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1padozemsk\u00fd jazyk vznikol z ad\u00fbnai\u010dtiny \u2013 jazyka N\u00famenor\u010danov. Mu\u017ei z N\u00famenoru ho priniesli do Stredozeme, ke\u010f tam v Druhom veku zalo\u017eili obchodn\u00e9 stanice.<\/p>\n<p>Westron vznikol ako kreolsk\u00fd jazyk po tom, \u010do sa ad\u00fbnai\u010dina spojila s re\u010dou Mu\u017eov s\u00famraku.<\/p>\n<p>Pozn\u00e1mka: <em>V Tre\u0165om veku \u017eili v Stredozemi 3 druhy \u013eud\u00ed. Boli to: Vysok\u00ed mu\u017ei \u2013 Gondor\u010dania, u\u0161\u013eachtil\u00ed potomkovia N\u00famenoru; Mu\u017ei temn\u00f4t \u2013 Haradrimovia, V\u00fdchodniari, Variagovia, \u010cierni N\u00famenor\u010dania, korz\u00e1ri z Umbaru, polotrolovia, ktor\u00ed sl\u00fa\u017eili Sauronovi; Mu\u017ei s\u00famraku alebo Stredn\u00ed mu\u017ei \u2013 ostatn\u00ed mu\u017ei v Stredozemi, ktor\u00ed poch\u00e1dzali z Edainov, starovek\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed bojovali po boku elfov vo vojne s Morgothom. Term\u00edn \u201eMu\u017ei s\u00famraku\u201c odr\u00e1\u017ea postoj Gondor\u010danov k nim \u2013 mysleli si, \u017ee Stredn\u00ed mu\u017ei nie s\u00fa ich nepriate\u013emi, ale neboli dos\u0165 u\u0161\u013eachtil\u00ed na to, aby boli Vysok\u00fdmi mu\u017emi.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historia_jazyka_westron\"><\/span>Hist\u00f3ria jazyka westron<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Po p\u00e1de N\u00famenoru (\u010do m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 stredozemsk\u00fdm ekvivalentom m\u00fdtu o potope a zni\u010denia Sodomy a Gomory) N\u00famenor\u010dania upustili od ad\u00fbnai\u010dtiny, ktorou potom hovorili Mu\u017ei s\u00famraku. Z\u00e1padozemsk\u00fd jazyk, ktor\u00fd sa stal drsn\u00fdm jazykom s vplyvom Khuzdulu, zjemnel v\u010faka vplyvom jazykov, ako je sindarin\u010dina.<\/p>\n<p>V Tre\u0165om veku pou\u017e\u00edvali westron takmer v\u0161etci \u013eudia v Stredozemi, ako aj in\u00e9 tvory, vr\u00e1tane hobitov (t\u00ed si v\u0161ak vyvinuli svoj vlastn\u00fd dialekt westron, ktor\u00fd sa naz\u00fdval hobit\u010dina). Tento spolo\u010dn\u00fd jazyk Stredozeme pou\u017e\u00edvali aj trpasl\u00edci ako svoj verejn\u00fd jazyk.<\/p>\n<p>\u010co sa t\u00fdka \u013eud\u00ed zo Stredozeme, westron si osvojil aj tvor, ktor\u00fd men\u00ed podobu a vol\u00e1 sa Beorn, ako aj obyvatelia mesta pri jazere ne\u010faleko Osamotenej hory. Pr\u00edkladmi \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed nepou\u017e\u00edvali westron, boli Rohirovia, Dr\u00faedainovia a Mu\u017ei z Dunlandu.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Westron_v_knihach\"><\/span>Westron v knih\u00e1ch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Westron bol tie\u017e jazykom, ktor\u00fdm hovorili a ktor\u00e9mu rozumeli hlavn\u00ed hrdinovia <em>Hobita<\/em> aj <em>P\u00e1na prste\u0148ov<\/em>. Preto je be\u017en\u00fdm omylom, \u017ee westron bol jednoducho angli\u010dtinou. V skuto\u010dnosti Tolkien poskytol svojim \u010ditate\u013eom &#8222;anglick\u00fd preklad&#8220; tohto spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho jazyka Stredozeme.<\/p>\n<p>Men\u00e1 post\u00e1v, ako napr\u00edklad Frodo, Sam a Pippin, neboli ich skuto\u010dn\u00e9 men\u00e1. Ich ekvivalenty v z\u00e1padozemskom jazyku boli Maura, Ban a Razar.<\/p>\n<p>Pozrime si tabu\u013eku ni\u017e\u0161ie, aby sme sa nau\u010dili viac slovnej z\u00e1soby westron:<\/p>\n<p>Vid\u00edte, \u017ee sa podob\u00e1 na Khuzdul, ale je ove\u013ea jemnej\u0161\u00ed v\u010faka vplyvom sindarinsk\u00e9ho jazyka.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee to by bolo k jazyku westron v\u0161etko. Pozrime sa teraz na spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 zdroje pre u\u010denie sa jazykov Stredozeme.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kde_sa_naucit_sindarcinu_khuzdul_a_westron\"><\/span><strong>Kde sa nau\u010di\u0165 sindar\u010dinu, khuzdul a westron?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Najlep\u0161\u00edm zdrojom inform\u00e1ci\u00ed s\u00fa <strong>dodatky k <em>N\u00e1vratu kr\u00e1\u013ea<\/em><\/strong> (<em>The Return of the King<\/em>). O Tolkienov\u00fdch jazykoch sa v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eete ve\u013ea nau\u010di\u0165 aj od <em>The Elfish Linguistic Fellowship &#8211; <\/em><strong>Spolo\u010dnosti elfsk\u00e9ho jazyka<\/strong> (skr\u00e1tene E.L.F.).<\/p>\n<p>Je to medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00fama <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">fikt\u00edvne jazyky<\/a>, ktor\u00e9 vytvoril J.R.R. Tolkien. Vyd\u00e1vaj\u00fa dva tla\u010den\u00e9 \u010dasopisy: <em>Vinyar Tengwar<\/em> a <em>Parma Eldalamberon<\/em>. Maj\u00fa aj svoj vlastn\u00fd online \u010dasopis s n\u00e1zvom <em>Tengwesti\u00eb<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>A navy\u0161e, \u010fal\u0161iu slovn\u00fa z\u00e1sobu vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdch jazykov n\u00e1jdete <a href=\"https:\/\/eldamo.org\/content\/word-indexes\/words-s.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">tu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/eldamo.org\/content\/language-pages\/lang-kh.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">tu<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/eldamo.org\/content\/word-indexes\/words-wes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">tu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sindarin_Khuzdul_and_Westron_Zaver\"><\/span>Sindarin, Khuzdul and Westron: <strong>Z\u00e1ver<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Napriek tomu, \u017ee <em>P\u00e1n prste\u0148ov<\/em> bol vydan\u00fd pred viac ako polstoro\u010d\u00edm, dielo J.R.R. Tolkiena je st\u00e1le rovnako popul\u00e1rne ako pred rokmi, mo\u017eno dokonca e\u0161te viac.<\/p>\n<p>Tolkienove jazyky sme v Jacksonovej filmovej adapt\u00e1cii knihy nepo\u010duli ve\u013emi \u010dasto, ale na\u0161\u0165astie existuje ve\u013ea materi\u00e1lov o stredozemsk\u00fdch jazykoch, ktor\u00e9 nap\u00edsal s\u00e1m autor.<\/p>\n<p>A ak m\u00e1te v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148 pre u\u010denie sa jazykov, ale nie nevyhnutne \u010das a motiv\u00e1ciu, ur\u010dite si pozrite n\u00e1\u0161 obchod. S na\u0161\u00edm najnov\u0161\u00edm samostatn\u00fdm zariaden\u00edm, Vasco Translator V4, m\u00e1te 112 jazykov vo vrecku! Mo\u017eno jedn\u00e9ho d\u0148a aj sindarin\u010dinu, khuzdul a westron&#8230;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"V_kocke\"><\/span>V kocke<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Sindarin je elfsk\u00fd jazyk najviac sp\u00e1jan\u00fd s <em>P\u00e1nom prste\u0148ov<\/em> a vyvinul ho Tolkien okolo roku 1944. Bol to kreolsk\u00fd jazyk, silne ovplyvnen\u00fd walesk\u00fdm a quenijsk\u00fdm jazykom a v Druhom veku bol spolo\u010dn\u00fdm jazykom Stredozeme. Khuzdul je tajn\u00fd jazyk trpasl\u00edkov, ktor\u00fd vytvoril Tolkien a ktor\u00fd vych\u00e1dza z hebrej\u010diny. Trpasl\u00edci ho udr\u017eiavali v tajnosti a pou\u017e\u00edvali ho len medzi sebou, pri\u010dom ako svoj verejn\u00fd jazyk pou\u017e\u00edvali westron. Westron je kreolsk\u00fd jazyk, ktor\u00fd vznikol spojen\u00edm ad\u00fbnai\u010dtiny a re\u010di Mu\u017eov s\u00famraku. V Tre\u0165om veku ho pou\u017e\u00edvali takmer v\u0161etky bytosti zo severoz\u00e1padnej oblasti Stredozeme a bol to jazyk, ktor\u00fdm hovorili a ktor\u00e9mu rozumeli v\u0161etci hlavn\u00ed hrdinovia <em>Hobita<\/em> a <em>P\u00e1na prste\u0148ov<\/em>. Ak sa chcete dozvedie\u0165 viac o sindar\u010dine, khuzdule a wetrone, m\u00f4\u017eete si pozrie\u0165 online \u010dasopis <em>Tengwesti\u00eb<\/em> organiz\u00e1cie The Elfish Linguistic Fellowship, ako aj \u010fal\u0161ie zdroje.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tentokr\u00e1t sa podrobnej\u0161ie pozrieme na sindar\u010dinu, zist\u00edme viac o tajnom jazyku trpasl\u00edkov, khuzdule, a dozvieme sa hist\u00f3riu spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho jazyka Stredozeme, jazyka westron. \u010co sa v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku dozvieme? \u010co je sindar\u010dina? Kto ju pou\u017e\u00edval? \u010co je khuzdul? Pre\u010do bol tento jazyk tajn\u00fd? \u010co je westron? Kto ho pou\u017e\u00edval v Stredozemi? Je mo\u017en\u00e9 sa niektor\u00fd z [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":9868,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[138],"class_list":["post-9489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jazyky","tag-r-faber"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9489"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9489\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9884,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9489\/revisions\/9884"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9868"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}