{"id":2114,"date":"2023-08-07T09:45:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-07T07:45:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/?p=2114"},"modified":"2024-12-13T12:00:11","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T11:00:11","slug":"najstarsi-jazyk-sveta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/","title":{"rendered":"Ak\u00fd je najstar\u0161\u00ed jazyk sveta"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">Jazyk je z\u00e1kladom \u013eudskej interakcie a civiliz\u00e1cie. Umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1m vyjadri\u0165 svoje my\u0161lienky, em\u00f3cie a zdie\u013ea\u0165 inform\u00e1cie.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah publik\u00e1cie:<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d613748136b\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" style='display:none' id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d613748136b\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Co_tvori_jazyk\" >\u010co tvor\u00ed jazyk<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Vyznam_studia_starovekych_jazykov\" >V\u00fdznam \u0161t\u00fadia starovek\u00fdch jazykov<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Zlozitost_definovania_%E2%80%9Enajstarsieho%E2%80%9C\" >Zlo\u017eitos\u0165 definovania \u201enajstar\u0161ieho\u201c<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Rozdiel_medzi_hovorenym_a_pisanym_jazykom\" >Rozdiel medzi hovoren\u00fdm a p\u00edsan\u00fdm jazykom<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Stanovenie_veku_jazyka\" >Stanovenie veku jazyka<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Najstarsie_dokazy_o_hovorenych_jazykoch\" >Najstar\u0161ie d\u00f4kazy o hovoren\u00fdch jazykoch<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Problemy_sledovania_hovoreneho_jazyka\" >Probl\u00e9my sledovania hovoren\u00e9ho jazyka<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Lingvisticka_rekonstrukcia\" >Lingvistick\u00e1 rekon\u0161trukcia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Kandidati_na_najstarsie_zname_hovorene_jazyky\" >Kandid\u00e1ti na najstar\u0161ie zn\u00e1me hovoren\u00e9 jazyky<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Najstarsie_dokazy_o_pisanych_jazykoch\" >Najstar\u0161ie d\u00f4kazy o p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykoch<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Desifrovanie_starovekych_pisiem\" >De\u0161ifrovanie starovek\u00fdch p\u00edsiem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Preskumanie_najstarsich_znamych_pisanych_jazykov\" >Presk\u00famanie najstar\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1mych p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykov<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Pripadove_studie_starovekych_jazykov\" >Pr\u00edpadov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie starovek\u00fdch jazykov<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Staroveke_sumerske_jazyky_Pohlad_do_starovekej_Mezopotamie\" >Starovek\u00e9 sumersk\u00e9 jazyky: Poh\u013ead do starovekej Mezopot\u00e1mie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Egyptske_hieroglyfy_Oficialny_jazyk_faraonov\" >Egyptsk\u00e9 hieroglyfy: Ofici\u00e1lny jazyk fara\u00f3nov<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Staroveka_cinstina_Semena_modernej_cinstiny\" >Starovek\u00e1 \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina: Semen\u00e1 modernej \u010d\u00edn\u0161tiny<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Dopad_a_vplyv_starovekych_jazykov_na_modernu_spolocnost\" >Dopad a vplyv starovek\u00fdch jazykov na modern\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Staroveke_jazyky_dedicstvo_v_modernej_dobe\" >Starovek\u00e9 jazyky: dedi\u010dstvo v modernej dobe<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Dosah_starovekych_jazykov\" >Dosah starovek\u00fdch jazykov<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Najstarsi_jazyk_na_svete_ktorym_sa_hovori_aj_dnes\" >Najstar\u0161\u00ed jazyk na svete, ktor\u00fdm sa hovor\u00ed aj dnes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Zaver_Odhaenie_najstarsieho_hovoreneho_jazyka_na_svete\" >Z\u00e1ver: Odhaenie najstar\u0161ieho hovoren\u00e9ho jazyka na svete<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#Vyzva\" >V\u00fdzva<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/najstarsi-jazyk-sveta\/#V_kocke\" >V kocke<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>Zamysleli ste sa v\u0161ak niekedy nad t\u00fdm, ktor\u00fd je najstar\u0161\u00ed jazyk na svete? Alebo ak\u00fd je dnes najstar\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1my hovoren\u00fd jazyk? To s\u00fa ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e roky zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa lingvistov, historikov a antropol\u00f3gov.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V tomto blogu sa povenujeme t\u00fdmto t\u00e9mam:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Koncept najstar\u0161ieho zn\u00e1meho jazyka, zlo\u017eitos\u0165 pri definovan\u00ed \u201enajstar\u0161ieho\u201c v kontexte jazykov.<\/li>\n<li>Poh\u013ead na najstar\u0161\u00ed hovoren\u00fd jazyk sveta, proces lingvistickej rekon\u0161trukcie a r\u00f4znych kandid\u00e1tov, ktor\u00ed s\u00faperia o tento titul.<\/li>\n<li>Sk\u00famanie starovek\u00fdch p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykov s osobitn\u00fdm zameran\u00edm na sumersk\u00fd jazyk a klinov\u00e9 p\u00edsmo, egyptsk\u00e9 hieroglyfy a star\u00fa \u010d\u00edn\u0161tinu.<\/li>\n<li>Diskusia o protoindoeur\u00f3pskych jazykoch a ich v\u00fdzname v kontexte starovekej jazykovej vedy.<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00edpadov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie sumersk\u00e9ho jazyka, staroegyptsk\u00fdch hieroglyfov a p\u00f4vodu prv\u00e9ho p\u00edsan\u00e9ho jazyka na svete.<\/li>\n<li>Vplyv star\u00fdch jazykov na modern\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 vr\u00e1tane najstar\u0161ieho jazyka na svete, ktor\u00fdm sa hovor\u00ed dodnes.<\/li>\n<li>Poh\u013ead do bud\u00facnosti \u0161t\u00fadia starovek\u00fdch p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykov a \u00falohu, ktor\u00fa v tejto oblasti zohr\u00e1va technol\u00f3gia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u010ci u\u017e v\u00e1s teda zaujala ot\u00e1zka \u201eje sanskrit najstar\u0161\u00ed jazyk na svete?\u201c, alebo v\u00e1s zauj\u00edma, kedy sa objavil prv\u00fd jazyk, zosta\u0148te s nami.<\/p>\n<p>Odpovede v\u00e1s mo\u017eno prekvapia, ke\u010f sa vyd\u00e1me na t\u00fato cestu, aby sme odhalili najstar\u0161\u00ed jazyk sveta, najstar\u0161\u00ed zachovan\u00fd jazyk na svete a ponorili sa do komplexn\u00e9ho zoznamu starovek\u00fdch jazykov.<\/p>\n<p>A ak m\u00e1te radi <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a> vo v\u0161eobecnosti, no nechcete sa ich nevyhnutne u\u010di\u0165, vysk\u00fa\u0161ajte n\u00e1\u0161 <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/funkcie\/hlasovy-prekladac\">hlasov\u00fd preklada\u010d<\/a>. S n\u00edm budete ma\u0165 vo vrecku dokonca 108 jazykov. Ale len tie s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9!<\/p>\n<p>Teraz sa vrhnime na dne\u0161n\u00fa t\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-section\">\n<h3>FAQ:<\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"question1\">Ak\u00fd bol prv\u00fd jazyk na svete?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer1\">Zd\u00e1 sa nemo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165 prv\u00fd jazyk zn\u00e1my \u013eudskej rase, preto\u017ee jazyky nezanech\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u017eiadnu fyzick\u00fa stopu. Existuje v\u0161ak nieko\u013eko siln\u00fdch kandid\u00e1tov, ako s\u00fa Sumeri, Egyp\u0165ania a Tamil\u010dania.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question2\">Je star\u0161\u00ed sanskrt alebo tamil\u010dina?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer2\">Z\u00e1znamy o tamilskom jazyku poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z tretieho storo\u010dia pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom a najstar\u0161ie z\u00e1znamy o jazyku Sanskrit poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z druh\u00e9ho storo\u010dia pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question3\">Ak\u00fd je najstar\u0161\u00ed hovoren\u00fd jazyk na svete?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer3\">Zd\u00e1 sa nemo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165 najstar\u0161\u00ed jazyk na svete, preto\u017ee jazyky nezanech\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u017eiadnu fyzick\u00fa stopu. Existuje v\u0161ak nieko\u013eko siln\u00fdch kandid\u00e1tov, ako s\u00fa Sumeri, Egyp\u0165ania a Tamil\u010dania.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question4\">Ak\u00fd je najstar\u0161\u00ed jazyk, ktor\u00fdm sa st\u00e1le hovor\u00ed?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer4\">Z\u00e1znamy ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee tamilsk\u00fd jazyk je najstar\u0161\u00edm jazykom, ktor\u00fd sa dodnes pou\u017e\u00edva. Toto je ofici\u00e1lny jazyk Sr\u00ed Lanky a Singapuru a poch\u00e1dza z tretieho storo\u010dia pred Kristom.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question5\">Ak\u00fd je najstar\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsan\u00fd jazyk?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer5\">Sumersk\u00fd jazyk je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za prv\u00fd p\u00edsan\u00fd jazyk na svete. Pou\u017e\u00edvala piktogramy a klinov\u00e9 p\u00edsmo na hlinen\u00fdch tabu\u013ek\u00e1ch.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2117\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang02.png\" alt=\"Abstraktn\u00fd dizajn s p\u00edsmenami na pozad\u00ed.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang02.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang02-980x513.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang02-480x251.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Co_tvori_jazyk\"><\/span>\u010co tvor\u00ed jazyk<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Jazyk mo\u017eno definova\u0165 ako komplexn\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edva symboly \u2013 \u010di u\u017e hovoren\u00e9, p\u00edsan\u00e9 alebo znakov\u00e9 \u2013 na vyjadrenie my\u0161lienok, em\u00f3ci\u00ed a stavov bytia.<\/p>\n<p>Riadi sa \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi pravidlami \u0161trukt\u00fary a syntaxe, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje zmyslupln\u00fa interakciu medzi jej hovoriacimi. Pri na\u0161om sk\u00faman\u00ed najstar\u0161ieho zn\u00e1meho jazyka sa ponor\u00edme do starovek\u00fdch hovoren\u00fdch aj p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykov.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2116\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang01.png\" alt=\"Slovn\u00e1 lingvistika ved\u013ea otvorenej knihy, pera a pozn\u00e1mkov\u00e9ho bloku.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang01.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang01-980x513.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang01-480x251.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyznam_studia_starovekych_jazykov\"><\/span>V\u00fdznam \u0161t\u00fadia starovek\u00fdch jazykov<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0160t\u00fadium starovek\u00fdch p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykov, ako je sumersk\u00e9 klinov\u00e9 p\u00edsmo alebo egyptsk\u00e9 hieroglyfy, poskytuje okno do minulosti. Tieto <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a>, niektor\u00e9 z prv\u00fdch zaznamenan\u00fdch v hist\u00f3rii \u013eudstva, s\u00fa z\u00e1kladom pre pochopenie spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 ich zrodili. Okrem toho s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k vystopovaniu kore\u0148ov a v\u00fdvoja modern\u00fdch jazykov.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2122\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang08.png\" alt=\"Star\u00e1 kniha s lupou.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang08.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang08-980x513.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang08-480x251.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zlozitost_definovania_%E2%80%9Enajstarsieho%E2%80%9C\"><\/span>Zlo\u017eitos\u0165 definovania \u201enajstar\u0161ieho\u201c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pri ur\u010dovan\u00ed najstar\u0161ieho zn\u00e1meho jazyka \u010del\u00edme nieko\u013ek\u00fdm v\u00fdzvam. Pojem \u201estar\u00fd\u201c mo\u017eno interpretova\u0165 r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi. T\u00fdka sa v\u00f4bec prv\u00e9ho hovoren\u00e9ho jazyka? Alebo najstar\u0161ie p\u00edsomn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy, ktor\u00e9 sa n\u00e1m podarilo rozl\u00fa\u0161ti\u0165? Mo\u017eno uva\u017eujeme o najstar\u0161om hovorenom jazyku, ktor\u00fd sa dodnes pou\u017e\u00edva?<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rozdiel_medzi_hovorenym_a_pisanym_jazykom\"><\/span>Rozdiel medzi hovoren\u00fdm a p\u00edsan\u00fdm jazykom<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Je potrebn\u00e9 z\u00e1sadne rozli\u0161ova\u0165 medzi hovoren\u00fdm a p\u00edsan\u00fdm jazykom. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee tie prv\u00e9 sa objavili pred desiatkami tis\u00edc rokov, zatia\u013e \u010do tie druh\u00e9 existuj\u00fa len pribli\u017ene 5 000 rokov. Poskytli n\u00e1m prv\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tne d\u00f4kazy o starovek\u00fdch p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykoch, no predstavuj\u00fa len zlomok n\u00e1\u0161ho jazykov\u00e9ho dedi\u010dstva.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stanovenie_veku_jazyka\"><\/span>Stanovenie veku jazyka<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Ak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom teda ur\u010d\u00edme vek jazyka? V pr\u00edpade p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykov m\u00f4\u017eeme \u010dasto datova\u0165 ich najstar\u0161ie zachovan\u00e9 dokumenty, \u010d\u00edm odpoved\u00e1me na ot\u00e1zku, ak\u00fd bol prv\u00fd zaznamenan\u00fd jazyk. V pr\u00edpade hovoren\u00fdch jazykov je to v\u0161ak ove\u013ea zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie. Lingvisti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa met\u00f3du zvan\u00fa komparat\u00edvna lingvistika, pri\u010dom sa pozeraj\u00fa na <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a>, o ktor\u00fdch vieme, \u017ee s\u00fa pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9, a sp\u00e4tne sleduj\u00fa slov\u00e1 a zvuky, aby na\u0161li spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho predka. \u010c\u00edm \u010falej dozadu m\u00f4\u017eeme sledova\u0165, t\u00fdm je jazyk star\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2119\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang04.png\" alt=\"Pravek\u00fd jaskyniar so zvieracou ko\u017eou dr\u017e\u00ed ostr\u00fd kame\u0148 a vyr\u00e1ba prv\u00fd primit\u00edvny n\u00e1stroj na lov zvieracej koristi alebo na manipul\u00e1ciu s ko\u017eou. Neandert\u00e1lec pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00faci Handax\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang04.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang04-980x513.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang04-480x251.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Najstarsie_dokazy_o_hovorenych_jazykoch\"><\/span>Najstar\u0161ie d\u00f4kazy o hovoren\u00fdch jazykoch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Problemy_sledovania_hovoreneho_jazyka\"><\/span>Probl\u00e9my sledovania hovoren\u00e9ho jazyka<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Sledovanie p\u00f4vodu hovoren\u00fdch jazykov je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 \u00faloha. Hovoren\u00e9 re\u010di nezanech\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u017eiadne fyzick\u00e9 stopy a mo\u017eno ich len nepriamo odvodi\u0165. Preto je prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e9 s absol\u00fatnou istotou ur\u010di\u0165, ak\u00fd bol najstar\u0161\u00ed hovoren\u00fd jazyk.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lingvisticka_rekonstrukcia\"><\/span>Lingvistick\u00e1 rekon\u0161trukcia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Lingvistick\u00e1 rekon\u0161trukcia n\u00e1m pom\u00e1ha nahliadnu\u0165 sp\u00e4\u0165 do minulosti. Prostredn\u00edctvom tejto met\u00f3dy m\u00f4\u017eu lingvisti vystopova\u0165 prvky modern\u00fdch jazykov sp\u00e4\u0165 k ich kore\u0148om, \u010d\u00edm n\u00e1m poskytn\u00fa poh\u013ead na <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a>, ktor\u00e9 existovali pred tis\u00edckami rokov. M\u00f4\u017eeme napr\u00edklad rekon\u0161truova\u0165 prvky protoindoeur\u00f3pskych jazykov, o ktor\u00fdch sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee patria medzi najstar\u0161ie na svete.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kandidati_na_najstarsie_zname_hovorene_jazyky\"><\/span>Kandid\u00e1ti na najstar\u0161ie zn\u00e1me hovoren\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Na titul najstar\u0161ieho zn\u00e1meho hovoren\u00e9ho jazyka boli navrhnut\u00ed r\u00f4zni kandid\u00e1ti, napr.:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sumer\u010dina: <\/strong>Jeden z prv\u00fdch jazykov, o ktorom m\u00e1me p\u00edsomn\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy, starovek\u00fd sumersk\u00fd jazyk sa pou\u017e\u00edval v Mezopot\u00e1mii (dne\u0161n\u00fd Irak) pred viac ako 4 000 rokmi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Egypt\u010dina:<\/strong> Jazykom fara\u00f3nov, staroegypt\u010dinou, sa hovorilo tis\u00edce rokov a poskytla n\u00e1m mno\u017estvo n\u00e1pisov a textov.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tamil\u010dina:<\/strong> Niektor\u00ed lingvisti tvrdia, \u017ee tamil\u010dina, ktorou dnes st\u00e1le hovoria mili\u00f3ny \u013eud\u00ed v Indii a na Sr\u00ed Lanke, by mohla by\u0165 najstar\u0161\u00edm jazykom na svete.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V \u010fal\u0161ej \u010dasti sa ponor\u00edme do fascinuj\u00faceho sveta starovek\u00fdch p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykov. Prip\u00fatajte sa na cestu cez klinov\u00e9 p\u00edsmo, egyptsk\u00e9 hieroglyfy a in\u00e9 p\u00edsma, ktor\u00e9 formovali beh \u013eudsk\u00fdch dej\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2118\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang03.png\" alt=\"Starovek\u00fd hlinen\u00fd list N\u00e1jden\u00fd v D\u00e1vidovej citadele v Jeruzaleme.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang03.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang03-980x513.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang03-480x251.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Najstarsie_dokazy_o_pisanych_jazykoch\"><\/span>Najstar\u0161ie d\u00f4kazy o p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykoch<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Zatia\u013e \u010do hovoren\u00fd jazyk sa pravdepodobne datuje pred desiatkami tis\u00edc rokov, n\u00e1stup p\u00edsania je ove\u013ea nov\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvojom vo ve\u013ekej sch\u00e9me \u013eudsk\u00fdch dej\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p>Prv\u00fd p\u00edsan\u00fd jazyk znamenal v\u00fdznamn\u00fd m\u00ed\u013enik a poskytol hmatate\u013en\u00fd sp\u00f4sob zaznamen\u00e1vania, komunik\u00e1cie a odovzd\u00e1vania vedomost\u00ed naprie\u010d gener\u00e1ciami a zemepisn\u00fdmi oblas\u0165ami.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to inov\u00e1cia n\u00e1m zanechala z\u00e1znam o starovek\u00fdch jazykoch, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvali v r\u00f4znych civiliz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Desifrovanie_starovekych_pisiem\"><\/span>De\u0161ifrovanie starovek\u00fdch p\u00edsiem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Proces de\u0161ifrovania star\u00fdch p\u00edsiem je hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e skladanie zlo\u017eit\u00e9ho puzzle. Napr\u00edklad Rosettsk\u00e1 doska bola d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1, aby sme pochopili egyptsk\u00e9 hieroglyfy, preto\u017ee obsahovala rovnak\u00fd text v dvoch typoch p\u00edsma: gr\u00e9\u010dtina, ktor\u00e1 sa dala \u010d\u00edta\u0165, a egyptsk\u00e9 hieroglyfy, ktor\u00e9 sa nedali \u010d\u00edta\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u00e9to objavy odhalili tajomstv\u00e1 starovek\u00fdch p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykov a cenn\u00e9 poznatky o na\u0161ej minulosti.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Preskumanie_najstarsich_znamych_pisanych_jazykov\"><\/span>Presk\u00famanie najstar\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1mych p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykov<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Cesta do minulosti za\u010d\u00edna niektor\u00fdmi z najstar\u0161\u00edch p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykov, ktor\u00e9 \u013eudstvo pozn\u00e1, pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 svoje jedine\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00edsma a syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<h4>Sumersk\u00fd jazyk (Klinov\u00e9 p\u00edsmo):<\/h4>\n<p>Sumersk\u00e9 p\u00edsmo, \u010dasto pova\u017eovan\u00fd za prv\u00fd p\u00edsan\u00fd jazyk, bolo zdokumentovan\u00e9 pomocou klinov\u00e9ho p\u00edsma na hlinen\u00fdch tabu\u013ek\u00e1ch. Scen\u00e1r, ktor\u00fd za\u010d\u00ednal ako piktogramy, sa v\u0161ak postupom \u010dasu vyv\u00edjal a umo\u017enil n\u00e1m nahliadnu\u0165 do sveta star\u00fdch Sumerov.<\/p>\n<h4>Egyptsk\u00e9 hieroglyfy:<\/h4>\n<p>Hieroglyfy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa synonymom pre majest\u00e1tnu civiliz\u00e1ciu starovek\u00e9ho Egypta, boli ur\u010den\u00e9 na form\u00e1lne p\u00edsanie, napr. s\u00fa kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9 dekr\u00e9ty a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 texty. Objav a preklad t\u00fdchto staroegyptsk\u00fdch hieroglyfov vrhli jasnej\u0161ie svetlo na civiliz\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00e1 prosperovala po tis\u00edcro\u010dia.<\/p>\n<h4>Starovek\u00e1 \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina:<\/h4>\n<p>N\u00e1pisy na ve\u0161teck\u00fdch kostiach, najstar\u0161ia zn\u00e1ma forma \u010d\u00ednskeho p\u00edsma, n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje nahliadnu\u0165 do ve\u0161teck\u00fdch prakt\u00edk dynastie Shang a z\u00e1kladov \u010d\u00ednskeho jazyka.<\/p>\n<h4>In\u00e9 starovek\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a>:<\/h4>\n<p>Existuj\u00fa aj kandid\u00e1ti na ran\u00e9 p\u00edsan\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a>, napr. je p\u00edsmo Indus (dodnes nerozl\u00fa\u0161ten\u00e9), line\u00e1rne p\u00edsmo B (prv\u00e1 forma gr\u00e9\u010dtiny, ktor\u00e1 sa vyvinula a\u017e do modernej gr\u00e9\u010dtiny) a starovek\u00fd sanskrit.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pripadove_studie_starovekych_jazykov\"><\/span>Pr\u00edpadov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie starovek\u00fdch jazykov<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2125\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ancientlang07.png\" alt=\"Starovek\u00fd sumersk\u00fd skaln\u00fd st\u00f4l.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ancientlang07.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ancientlang07-980x513.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ancientlang07-480x251.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 3 []\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Staroveke_sumerske_jazyky_Pohlad_do_starovekej_Mezopotamie\"><\/span>Starovek\u00e9 sumersk\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a>: Poh\u013ead do starovekej Mezopot\u00e1mie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Sumersk\u00fd jazyk, p\u00edsan\u00fd charakteristick\u00fdm klinov\u00fdm p\u00edsmom, je jedn\u00fdm z prv\u00fdch zn\u00e1mych p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykov. Poch\u00e1dza z Mezopot\u00e1mie, dne\u0161n\u00e9ho ju\u017en\u00e9ho Iraku, pribli\u017ene v roku 3200 pred Kristom, a poskytuje n\u00e1m fascinuj\u00faci poh\u013ead do jednej z najstar\u0161\u00edch civiliz\u00e1ci\u00ed \u013eudstva &#8211; sumerov.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Charakteristika:<\/strong> Sumersk\u00e9 p\u00edsmo je jazykov\u00fd izol\u00e1t, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nepatr\u00ed do \u017eiadnej zn\u00e1mej jazykovej rodiny. Jeho \u0161trukt\u00fara je aglutina\u010dn\u00e1, kde sa slov\u00e1 alebo morf\u00e9my sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa, aby vyjadrili zlo\u017eit\u00e9 my\u0161lienky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00fdznam:<\/strong> Sumeri pou\u017e\u00edvali svoj jazyk na dokumentovanie z\u00e1konov, obchodn\u00fdch transakci\u00ed a dokonca aj literat\u00fary, vr\u00e1tane Eposu o Gilgame\u0161ovi, jedn\u00e9ho z najstar\u0161\u00edch pre n\u00e1s zn\u00e1mych liter\u00e1rnych diel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>De\u0161ifrovanie:<\/strong> Rozl\u00fa\u0161tenie sumer\u010diny sa za\u010dalo v 19. storo\u010d\u00ed a umo\u017enili ho viacjazy\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy, najm\u00e4 tie v akkad\u010dine, neskor\u0161om jazyku na \u00fazem\u00ed Mezopot\u00e1mie, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edval aj klinov\u00e9 p\u00edsmo.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2121\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang06.png\" alt=\"Detail egyptsk\u00fdch hieroglyfov v Luxore.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang06.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang06-980x513.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang06-480x251.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 3 []\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Egyptske_hieroglyfy_Oficialny_jazyk_faraonov\"><\/span>Egyptsk\u00e9 hieroglyfy: Ofici\u00e1lny jazyk fara\u00f3nov<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Starovek\u00ed Egyp\u0165ania pou\u017e\u00edvali hieroglyfy u\u017e viac ne\u017e 3000 rokov, \u010do z nich rob\u00ed jeden z najdlh\u0161ie pre\u017e\u00edvaj\u00facich syst\u00e9mov p\u00edsania v hist\u00f3rii \u013eudstva.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Charakteristika:<\/strong> Egyptsk\u00e9 hieroglyfy obsahuj\u00fa kombin\u00e1ciu logografick\u00fdch, slabi\u010dn\u00fdch a abecedn\u00fdch prvkov. Pou\u017e\u00edvali sa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na monument\u00e1lne n\u00e1pisy a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 texty.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00daloha v spolo\u010dnosti:<\/strong> Hieroglyfy boli neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou byrokratick\u00e9ho, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho a intelektu\u00e1lneho \u017eivota starovek\u00e9ho Egypta. Nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa v\u0161ade, od monument\u00e1lnych \u0161trukt\u00far a\u017e po papyrusy obsahuj\u00face literat\u00faru a vedeck\u00e9 texty.<\/li>\n<li><strong>De\u0161ifrovanie:<\/strong> Rosettsk\u00e1 doska, objaven\u00e1 v roku 1799, mala rovnak\u00fd text nap\u00edsan\u00fd v gr\u00e9ckom jazyku, ako aj d\u00e9motiku a hieroglyfy, \u010d\u00edm pripravil p\u00f4du pre rozl\u00fa\u0161tenie staroegyptsk\u00fdch hieroglyfov Jeanom-Fran\u00e7oisom Champollionom v roku 1822.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2123\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang09.png\" alt=\"Star\u00e1 lek\u00e1rska kniha z dynastie Qing.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang09.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang09-980x513.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang09-480x251.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"1 3 []\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Staroveka_cinstina_Semena_modernej_cinstiny\"><\/span>Starovek\u00e1 \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina: Semen\u00e1 modernej \u010d\u00edn\u0161tiny<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u010c\u00edn\u0161tina je jedn\u00fdm z najstar\u0161\u00edch nepretr\u017eite pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov p\u00edsania na svete, pri\u010dom najskor\u0161ie formy siahaj\u00fa a\u017e do dynastie Shang (asi 1250-1046 pred Kristom).<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>V\u00fdvoj:<\/strong> Ran\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednske p\u00edsmo, zn\u00e1me ako n\u00e1pisy na ve\u0161teck\u00fdch kostiach (oracle bone script), sa v priebehu tis\u00edcro\u010d\u00ed vyvinulo do zlo\u017eit\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu znakov, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva dnes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vyu\u017eitie:<\/strong> Kosten\u00e9 p\u00edsmo sa pou\u017e\u00edvalo hlavne na \u00fa\u010dely ve\u0161tenia, s n\u00e1pismi na pancieroch korytna\u010diek a zvierac\u00edch kostiach. Tieto n\u00e1pisy poskytuj\u00fa cenn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o kult\u00fare, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstve a spolo\u010dnosti dynastie Shang.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pokra\u010duj\u00faci vplyv:<\/strong> Starovek\u00e1 \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vplyv na modern\u00fd \u010d\u00ednsky jazyk. \u0160trukt\u00fara a niektor\u00e9 znaky zostali prekvapivo konzistentn\u00e9, v\u010faka \u010domu je \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina jedn\u00fdm z najstar\u0161\u00edch jazykov na svete, ktor\u00fd sa st\u00e1le akt\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edva.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2124\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang10.png\" alt=\"Sanskrit z chr\u00e1mu Lolei.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang10.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang10-980x513.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang10-480x251.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dopad_a_vplyv_starovekych_jazykov_na_modernu_spolocnost\"><\/span>Dopad a vplyv starovek\u00fdch jazykov na modern\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Staroveke_jazyky_dedicstvo_v_modernej_dobe\"><\/span>Starovek\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a>: dedi\u010dstvo v modernej dobe<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>M\u00f4\u017ee sa zda\u0165, \u017ee starovek\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a> patria do sveta d\u00e1vno minulosti, no ich odkaz na\u010falej rezonuje v modernej spolo\u010dnosti. Od ovplyv\u0148ovania s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch jazykov a\u017e po prispievanie k n\u00e1\u0161mu ch\u00e1paniu starovek\u00fdch civiliz\u00e1ci\u00ed, ich vplyv je hlbok\u00fd a v\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dosah_starovekych_jazykov\"><\/span>Dosah starovek\u00fdch jazykov<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Angli\u010dtina a jej starovek\u00e9 korene:<\/strong> Mnoh\u00e9 anglick\u00e9 slov\u00e1 maj\u00fa korene v starovek\u00fdch jazykoch. Napr\u00edklad slovo matka: \u201emother\u201c, mo\u017eno vysledova\u0165 sp\u00e4\u0165 k protoindoeur\u00f3pskemu slovu \u201e*m\u00e9h\u2082t\u0113r\u201c. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je tie\u017e najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edm jazykom na svete.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vplyv sumer\u010diny:<\/strong> Aj ke\u010f samotn\u00fd sumersk\u00fd jazyk nem\u00e1 \u017eiadnych zn\u00e1mych \u017eij\u00facich potomkov, ovplyvnil akkad\u010dinu a prostredn\u00edctvom nej aj \u010fal\u0161ie semitsk\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a>, ako je arab\u010dina a hebrej\u010dina. Niektor\u00e9 sumersk\u00e9 slov\u00e1 boli prevzat\u00e9 aj z in\u00fdch jazykov na \u00fazem\u00ed. Napriek tomu sa dnes pova\u017euje za m\u0155tvy jazyk (s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 vyhynut\u00fdch jazykov na rozdiel od \u017eiv\u00e9ho jazyka).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Odkaz egyptsk\u00fdch hieroglyfov:<\/strong> Staroegyptsk\u00fd jazyk ovplyvnil kopt\u010dinu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fa dodnes ako liturgick\u00fd jazyk v koptskej pravosl\u00e1vnej cirkvi. Rozl\u00fa\u0161tenie hieroglyfov tie\u017e otvorilo cestu k lep\u0161iemu pochopeniu egyptskej hist\u00f3rie a kult\u00fary.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00faci sanskrit:<\/strong> Sanskrit, jeden z najstar\u0161\u00edch indoeur\u00f3pskych jazykov, z ktor\u00e9ho sa \u010diasto\u010dne vyv\u00edjali mnoh\u00e9 modern\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a> v ju\u017enej \u00c1zii. Je tie\u017e zdrojom mnoh\u00fdch v\u00fdrazov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch aj v joge, medit\u00e1cii a in\u00fdch duchovn\u00fdch praktik\u00e1ch, preto sa pova\u017euje za posv\u00e4tn\u00fd jazyk.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u010c\u00edn\u0161tina v priebehu vekov:<\/strong> \u010c\u00edn\u0161tina ako jeden z najstar\u0161\u00edch nepretr\u017eite pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov p\u00edsma v\u00fdrazne formovala v\u00fdchodo\u00e1zijsk\u00fa kult\u00faru. Vari\u00e1cie mandar\u00ednskych \u010d\u00ednskych znakov sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj v in\u00fdch: japonsk\u00fdch, k\u00f3rejsk\u00fdch a vietnamsk\u00fdch p\u00edsmach.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Najstarsi_jazyk_na_svete_ktorym_sa_hovori_aj_dnes\"><\/span>Najstar\u0161\u00ed jazyk na svete, ktor\u00fdm sa hovor\u00ed aj dnes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Zo starovek\u00fdch jazykov sa zachovalo nieko\u013eko a v nejakej forme sa nimi aj na\u010falej hovor\u00ed. Napr\u00edklad modern\u00e1 hebrej\u010dina, napriek tomu, \u017ee na mnoho storo\u010d\u00ed vypadla z ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania, bola \u00faspe\u0161ne o\u017eiven\u00e1 v 19. a 20. storo\u010d\u00ed a teraz je prim\u00e1rnym jazykom Izraela. Hist\u00f3ria jazykov m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 niekedy zauj\u00edmav\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Tamilsk\u00fd jazyk a \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina si tie\u017e robia n\u00e1rok na to, \u017ee patria medzi najstar\u0161ie <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a> sveta, ktor\u00fdmi sa dodnes hovor\u00ed. Tamilsk\u00fd jazyk, ktor\u00fdm sa hovor\u00ed predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v ju\u017enej Indii a na Sr\u00ed Lanke, m\u00e1 prv\u00e9 p\u00edsomn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy star\u00e9 viac ako dvetis\u00edc rokov. \u010c\u00edn\u0161tina sa zase m\u00f4\u017ee pochv\u00e1li\u0165 kontinuitou p\u00edsomn\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov a trval\u00fdm hovoren\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 siahaj\u00fa a\u017e do dynastie Shang.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2120\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang05.png\" alt=\"Gr\u00e9cky text N\u00e1pis na skale v Delf\u00e1ch Starovekom Gr\u00e9cku.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang05.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang05-980x513.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/acientlang05-480x251.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Zaver_Odhaenie_najstarsieho_hovoreneho_jazyka_na_svete\"><\/span>Z\u00e1ver: Odhaenie najstar\u0161ieho hovoren\u00e9ho jazyka na svete<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>N\u00e1\u0161 prieskum najstar\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1mych jazykov sveta n\u00e1m pon\u00faka bohat\u00fa tapis\u00e9riu \u013eudskej hist\u00f3rie a kult\u00fary. Od sumersk\u00e9ho klinov\u00e9ho p\u00edsma po egyptsk\u00e9 hieroglyfy, od potenci\u00e1lu sanskritu by\u0165 najstar\u0161\u00edm jazykom na svete, a\u017e po trval\u00e9 dedi\u010dstvo tamilsk\u00e9ho jazyka a \u010d\u00edn\u0161tiny, t\u00e1to cesta bola zauj\u00edmavou zmesou faktov, te\u00f3ri\u00ed a fascinuj\u00facich poznatkov.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vyzva\"><\/span>V\u00fdzva<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Snaha o identifik\u00e1ciu najstar\u0161ieho zaznamenan\u00e9ho jazyka na svete je viac ne\u017e len akademick\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165. Je to pocta \u013eudskej inov\u00e1cii a n\u00e1\u0161mu in\u0161tinktu komunikova\u0165 a sp\u00e1ja\u0165 sa. Odha\u013euje, ako r\u00f4zne civiliz\u00e1cie zanechali svoje stopy v\u010das a prispeli k jazykovej rozmanitosti, ktor\u00fa dnes vid\u00edme.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zauj\u00edmav\u00fd pr\u00edpad star\u00fdch jazykov sveta<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zatia\u013e \u010do o absol\u00fatnej odpovedi na ot\u00e1zku &#8222;Ak\u00fd je najstar\u0161\u00ed jazyk na svete?&#8220; by sa medzi lingvistami st\u00e1le mohlo diskutova\u0165, n\u00e1\u0161 prieskum zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a> s\u00fa ove\u013ea viac ne\u017e len syst\u00e9m komunik\u00e1cie. S\u00fa oknami do na\u0161ej minulosti, formuj\u00fa na\u0161u s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165 a nepochybne bud\u00fa hra\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu v na\u0161ej bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Ako pokra\u010dujeme v h\u013eadan\u00ed odpoved\u00ed na na\u0161e ot\u00e1zky, v\u00fdvoj jazykov zost\u00e1va hybnou silou pre vedcov aj nad\u0161encov. \u0160t\u00fadium a hist\u00f3ria jazykov v digit\u00e1lnej \u00e9re na\u010falej naber\u00e1 na sile, v\u010faka technol\u00f3gii a obnoven\u00e9mu z\u00e1ujmu o na\u0161e jazykov\u00e9 dedi\u010dstvo.<\/p>\n<p>Uprostred toho v\u0161etk\u00e9ho zost\u00e1va jasn\u00fd jeden fakt: \u010di u\u017e ide o najstar\u0161\u00ed jazyk na svete alebo o najstar\u0161\u00ed jazyk sveta, ktor\u00fdm sa dodnes hovor\u00ed, ka\u017ed\u00fd jazyk m\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 miesto v an\u00e1loch \u013eudsk\u00fdch dej\u00edn. Na\u0161a kolekt\u00edvna lingvistick\u00e1 cesta, naplnen\u00e1 nespo\u010detn\u00fdmi starod\u00e1vnymi jazykmi, je d\u00f4kazom na\u0161ej spolo\u010dnej hist\u00f3rie a fascinuj\u00faceho v\u00fdvoja \u013eudskej komunik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>A pam\u00e4tajte, \u017ee ak chcete ma\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/\">jazyky<\/a> na dosah ruky, ur\u010dite si pozrite na\u0161e zariadenie na prekladanie jazykov. M\u00e1te s n\u00edm vo vrecku <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/funkcie\/hlasovy-prekladac\">preklada\u010d re\u010di<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/funkcie\/prekladac-textov\"> preklada\u010d textov<\/a> a viet a tie\u017e <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/funkcie\/foto-prekladac\">foto preklada\u010d<\/a>. Rozpr\u00e1vajte sa s viac ako 90 % svetovej popul\u00e1cie bez jazykov\u00fdch bari\u00e9r!<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"V_kocke\"><\/span>V kocke<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pri na\u0161om sk\u00faman\u00ed najstar\u0161\u00edch zn\u00e1mych jazykov sveta sa ponor\u00edme hlboko do oblasti hovorenej aj p\u00edsanej formy komunik\u00e1cie. Za\u010dneme na\u010drtnut\u00edm v\u00fdziev pri sledovan\u00ed prv\u00e9ho hovoren\u00e9ho jazyka a diskutujeme o kandid\u00e1toch, ako s\u00fa sumer\u010dina, egypt\u010dina, tamil\u010dina, \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina a sanskrit. Pozornos\u0165 sa potom pres\u00fava na p\u00edsan\u00e9 jazyky, kde sk\u00famame sumersk\u00e9 p\u00edsmo, egyptsk\u00e9 hieroglyfy a starovek\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednske p\u00edsmo. Prostredn\u00edctvom pr\u00edpadov\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed sa ponor\u00edme do charakterist\u00edk t\u00fdchto starovek\u00fdch jazykov, ich de\u0161ifrovania a ich trval\u00e9ho vplyvu na modern\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti. Blogov\u00fd pr\u00edspevok kon\u010d\u00ed zd\u00f4raznen\u00edm pokra\u010duj\u00faceho \u0161t\u00fadia a uchov\u00e1vania t\u00fdchto jazykov v na\u0161ej digit\u00e1lnej \u00e9re, zd\u00f4raz\u0148ovan\u00edm ich integr\u00e1lnej \u00falohy v hist\u00f3rii \u013eudstva a fascinuj\u00faceho v\u00fdvoja \u013eudskej komunik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Jazyk<\/th>\n<th>Pribli\u017en\u00fd vek<\/th>\n<th>Regi\u00f3n<\/th>\n<th>Aktu\u00e1lny status<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>sumersk\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>5000 rokov<\/td>\n<td>Mezopot\u00e1mia<\/td>\n<td>Zaniknut\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>egyptsk\u00fd<\/td>\n<td>4700 rokov<\/td>\n<td>Egypt<\/td>\n<td>Zaniknut\u00fd (koptsk\u00fd potomok)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sanskrit<\/td>\n<td>4000 rokov<\/td>\n<td>India<\/td>\n<td>Obmedzen\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>gr\u00e9cky<\/td>\n<td>3400 rokov<\/td>\n<td>Gr\u00e9cko<\/td>\n<td>St\u00e1le sa pou\u017e\u00edva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u010d\u00ednsky<\/td>\n<td>3400 rokov<\/td>\n<td>\u010c\u00edna<\/td>\n<td>St\u00e1le sa pou\u017e\u00edva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jazyk je z\u00e1kladom \u013eudskej interakcie a civiliz\u00e1cie. Umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1m vyjadri\u0165 svoje my\u0161lienky, em\u00f3cie a zdie\u013ea\u0165 inform\u00e1cie. Zamysleli ste sa v\u0161ak niekedy nad t\u00fdm, ktor\u00fd je najstar\u0161\u00ed jazyk na svete? Alebo ak\u00fd je dnes najstar\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1my hovoren\u00fd jazyk? To s\u00fa ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e roky zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa lingvistov, historikov a antropol\u00f3gov. V tomto blogu sa povenujeme t\u00fdmto t\u00e9mam: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2183,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[138],"class_list":["post-2114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jazyky","tag-r-faber"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2114","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2114"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2114\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9379,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2114\/revisions\/9379"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}