{"id":2070,"date":"2021-08-19T15:20:23","date_gmt":"2021-08-19T13:20:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/?p=2070"},"modified":"2024-12-13T11:49:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T10:49:05","slug":"kolko-jazykov-je-na-svete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/kolko-jazykov-je-na-svete\/","title":{"rendered":"Viete, ko\u013eko jazykov je na svete?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Zamysleli ste sa niekedy nad t\u00fdm, <strong>ko\u013eko je na svete jazykov? <\/strong>Ak by ste mali h\u00e1da\u0165, mohli by ste poveda\u0165&#8230; 100? 200? Toto by bol odhad v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny \u013eud\u00ed. V skuto\u010dnosti, ke\u010f s\u00fa \u013eudia po\u017eiadan\u00ed, aby uviedli, <em>po\u010det jazykov, ktor\u00e9 poznaj\u00fa<\/em>, priemer na svete je len okolo 10. Je to preto, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed je psychologicky predisponovan\u00e1 k tomu, aby si boli vedom\u00ed iba najbe\u017enej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch alebo nau\u010den\u00fdch jazykov vo svojom okol\u00ed. A po\u010det <u>p\u00edsan\u00fdch jazykov<\/u>, to je celkom in\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Obsah publik\u00e1cie:<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a084d2bd4288\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" style='display:none' id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a084d2bd4288\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/kolko-jazykov-je-na-svete\/#Kolkymi_jazykmi_sa_vo_svete_hovori\" >Ko\u013ek\u00fdmi jazykmi sa vo svete hovor\u00ed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/kolko-jazykov-je-na-svete\/#Kolko_jazykov_je_na_svete_zivych\" >Ko\u013eko jazykov je na svete \u017eiv\u00fdch?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/kolko-jazykov-je-na-svete\/#Kolko_dialektov_najdeme_vo_svete\" >Ko\u013eko dialektov n\u00e1jdeme vo svete?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/kolko-jazykov-je-na-svete\/#Kolkymi_jazykmi_sa_hovori_v_Cine\" >Ko\u013ek\u00fdmi jazykmi sa hovor\u00ed v \u010c\u00edne?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/kolko-jazykov-je-na-svete\/#Kolko_jazykov_je_na_svete_teda_znamych\" >Ko\u013eko jazykov je na svete teda zn\u00e1mych?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/kolko-jazykov-je-na-svete\/#Kolko_jazykov_sa_pouziva_v_Amerike\" >Ko\u013eko jazykov sa pou\u017e\u00edva v Amerike?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/kolko-jazykov-je-na-svete\/#Kolko_jazykov_dnes_existuje\" >Ko\u013eko jazykov dnes existuje?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/jazyky\/kolko-jazykov-je-na-svete\/#V_kocke\" >V kocke:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"faq-section\">\n<h3>FAQ:<\/h3>\n<h4 class=\"question1\">Ak\u00fd je rozdiel medzi jazykom a dialektom?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer1\">Jazyk je syst\u00e9m komunik\u00e1cie, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 zvy\u010dajne ve\u013ek\u00fd po\u010det hovoriacich a je \u010dasto kodifikovan\u00fd p\u00edsomne. Dialekt je na druhej strane region\u00e1lna alebo soci\u00e1lna vari\u00e1cia jazyka, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee alebo nemus\u00ed ma\u0165 p\u00edsomn\u00fa formu.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question2\">Ko\u013ek\u00fdmi jazykmi sa hovor\u00ed na svete?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer2\">Odhaduje sa, \u017ee na svete sa hovor\u00ed asi 7 000 jazykmi.<\/div>\n<h4 class=\"question3\">Ko\u013ek\u00fdmi jazykmi sa hovor\u00ed v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch?<\/h4>\n<div class=\"answer3\">V Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch sa odhaduje, \u017ee sa pou\u017e\u00edva asi 350 jazykov.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolkymi_jazykmi_sa_vo_svete_hovori\"><\/span><strong>Ko\u013ek\u00fdmi jazykmi sa vo svete hovor\u00ed?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2207 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many1.png\" alt=\"Ko\u013ek\u00fdmi jazykmi sa vo svete hovor\u00ed?\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many1.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many1-980x613.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many1-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Napr\u00edklad v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch s\u00fa angli\u010dtina, \u0161paniel\u010dina, \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina a franc\u00faz\u0161tina naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vyu\u010dovan\u00fdmi jazykmi, s pridanou nem\u010dinou, ru\u0161tinou a talian\u010dinou, ktor\u00e9 sa pon\u00fakaj\u00fa v kurzoch vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho vzdel\u00e1vania. In\u00e9 jazyky s\u00fa prakticky nezn\u00e1me, aj ke\u010f v skuto\u010dnosti sa v USA hovor\u00ed asi 350 jazykmi, vr\u00e1tane tagal\u010diny \u010di filip\u00ednskeho jazyka, ktor\u00fd je v USA dokonca roz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00ed ako franc\u00faz\u0161tina. Ot\u00e1zka na priemern\u00e9ho Ameri\u010dana \u201e\u010co je Tagalog?\u201c by v\u0161ak s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou dostala dos\u0165 zvl\u00e1\u0161tne a nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9 odpovede vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed o tomto jazyku nikdy ani nepo\u010dula.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolko_jazykov_je_na_svete_zivych\"><\/span><strong>Ko\u013eko jazykov je na svete \u017eiv\u00fdch?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2208 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many2.png\" alt=\"Ko\u013eko \u017eiv\u00fdch jazykov je na svete?\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many2.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many2-980x613.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many2-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<p>OK. Ak\u00fd je teda skuto\u010dn\u00fd <strong>po\u010det jazykov<\/strong>? <strong>ko\u013eko jazykov je na svete?<\/strong> Niektor\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu po\u010d\u00edta\u0165 jazyky pod\u013ea po\u010dtu v\u0161etk\u00fdch kraj\u00edn. Ale je to zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie. Existuj\u00fa krajiny s viac ako jedn\u00fdm \u00faradn\u00fdm jazykom. Pozrite sa do \u0160panielska. Ak po\u010dujete \u0160panielsko, mysl\u00edte na \u0161paniel\u010dinu. \u0160paniel\u010dina je v\u0161ak len jedn\u00fdm z jazykov, ktor\u00e9 sa v \u0160panielsku pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa. Najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161ia turistick\u00e1 destin\u00e1cia \u2013 Barcelona \u2013 je hlavn\u00fdm mestom auton\u00f3mnej oblasti Katal\u00e1nsko a \u00faradn\u00fdm jazykom Katal\u00e1nska je katal\u00e1n\u010dina. Tej je bli\u017e\u0161ia franc\u00faz\u0161tina alebo talian\u010dina ako \u0161paniel\u010dina. Mnoho obyvate\u013eov \u0160panielska hovor\u00ed aj po baskicky alebo gal\u00edcijsky.<\/p>\n<p>A nezabudnime na n\u00e1rody bez kraj\u00edn, ako s\u00fa Kurdi alebo Tibe\u0165ania, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa tie\u017e svoje vlastn\u00e9 jazyky. Ako vid\u00edte, je to ur\u010dite nespr\u00e1vna cesta po\u010d\u00edta\u0165 jazyky pod\u013ea kraj\u00edn, n\u00e1rodov alebo vlajok\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Organiz\u00e1cia Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov zah\u0155\u0148a 193 kraj\u00edn a po pridan\u00ed sporn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed a auton\u00f3mnych oblast\u00ed by na svete bolo pribli\u017ene 200 jazykov. A ani to v\u00f4bec nie je spr\u00e1vne.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea hrub\u00fdch odhadov odborn\u00edkov a pod\u013ea lingvistov sa po\u010det jazykov pribli\u017euje k \u010d\u00edslu 7 000, hoci to nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 s istotou ur\u010di\u0165 \u017eiadnym vedeck\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 t\u00fdm, \u017ee jazyk je ur\u010den\u00fd kult\u00farou a nie nevyhnutne n\u00e1rodnos\u0165ou. Kult\u00fara je pod\u013ea defin\u00edcie dynamick\u00e1 a neust\u00e1le sa vyv\u00edja a nemo\u017eno ju mera\u0165 na \u017eiadnej statickej \u00farovni.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolko_dialektov_najdeme_vo_svete\"><\/span><strong>Ko\u013eko dialektov n\u00e1jdeme vo svete?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2209 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many3.png\" alt=\"Ko\u013eko dialektov je na svete?\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many3.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many3-980x613.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many3-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Toto je op\u00e4\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e9. Existuj\u00fa dialekty, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu niektor\u00ed pova\u017eova\u0165 za samostatn\u00e9 jazyky v krajin\u00e1ch. Pozrite sa na balk\u00e1nske \u0161t\u00e1ty a obyvate\u013eov Juhosl\u00e1vie. Kedysi rozpr\u00e1vali takzvanou srbochorv\u00e1t\u010dinou. Geopolitick\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia sa v\u0161ak zmenila a to, \u010do sa kedysi naz\u00fdvalo dialektom, je tak dnes jazykom. Namiesto jedn\u00e9ho jazyka hovoria ka\u017ed\u00fd svojim jazykom, a to po bosniansky, srbsky, chorv\u00e1tsky a \u010diernohorsky \u2013 hoci si navz\u00e1jom v krajin\u00e1ch rozumej\u00fa. Niektor\u00e9 jazyky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 degradovan\u00e9 na dialekty kv\u00f4li diskrimina\u010dnej politike. Niektor\u00e9 dialekty naopak m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 eskalovan\u00e9 na jazyky, aby preuk\u00e1zali n\u00e1rodn\u00fa nez\u00e1vislos\u0165. Na t\u00fato ot\u00e1zku sa teda ned\u00e1 odpoveda\u0165 jednoduch\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolkymi_jazykmi_sa_hovori_v_Cine\"><\/span><strong>Ko\u013ek\u00fdmi jazykmi sa hovor\u00ed v \u010c\u00edne?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2210 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many4.png\" alt=\"Ko\u013ek\u00fdmi jazykmi sa hovor\u00ed v \u010c\u00edne?\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many4.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many4-980x613.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many4-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Op\u00e4\u0165 vyvst\u00e1va ot\u00e1zka, \u010do treba pova\u017eova\u0165 za jazyk a \u010do za dialekt. Za pr\u00edklad si vezmeme jazyky v \u010c\u00edne. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed pozn\u00e1 mandar\u00edn\u010dinu ako dialekt \u010d\u00edn\u0161tiny. Niektor\u00ed si ich dokonca zamie\u0148aj\u00fa. Je to pravdepodobne preto, \u017ee t\u00fdmto jazykom hovor\u00ed pribli\u017ene 71 percent popul\u00e1cie a u\u010dia ho cudzinci v jazykov\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Mandar\u00edn\u010dina je v\u0161ak v skuto\u010dnosti konglomer\u00e1tny jazyk, ktor\u00fd kombinuje viacero dialektov z r\u00f4znych oblast\u00ed \u010c\u00edny. <strong>Ko\u013eko je jazykov v \u010c\u00edne?<\/strong> V skuto\u010dnosti existuj\u00fa stovky \u010d\u00ednskych jazykov, po\u010det m\u00f4\u017ee dokonca dosiahnu\u0165 300. \u2013 A to je \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9, ak sa vr\u00e1tite k n\u00e1\u0161mu prv\u00e9mu odhadu <u>po\u010dtu jazykov<\/u>, ktor\u00fdmi sa na svete hovor\u00ed!<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolko_jazykov_je_na_svete_teda_znamych\"><\/span><strong>Ko\u013eko jazykov je na svete teda zn\u00e1mych?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2211 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many5.png\" alt=\"Ko\u013eko jazykov je na svete teda zn\u00e1mych?\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many5.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many5-980x613.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many5-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ou prek\u00e1\u017ekou pri ur\u010dovan\u00ed <em>po\u010dtu jazykov, ktor\u00fdmi sa vo svete rozpr\u00e1va<\/em>, je skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 regi\u00f3ny s\u00fa e\u0161te st\u00e1le nepreb\u00e1dan\u00e9, aspo\u0148 z antro-lingvistick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska. Mnoho v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov ver\u00ed, \u017ee na celom svete existuje najmenej 100 zn\u00e1mych komun\u00e1lnych zoskupen\u00ed v \u00faplne izolovan\u00fdch oblastiach, \u010faleko od spolo\u010dnosti a nev\u0161\u00edmaj\u00fac si modern\u00fd svet. Ich jazyky a kult\u00fary s\u00fa relat\u00edvne nezn\u00e1me a n\u00e1rody, ktor\u00e9 ich ukr\u00fdvaj\u00fa, s\u00fa chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 pred vonkaj\u0161\u00edmi vplyvmi.<\/p>\n<p>Domorod\u00e9 kmene mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 na Papue-Novej Guinei alebo na Andamansk\u00fdch ostrovoch patriacich Indii. Ke\u010f\u017ee \u017eiadny v\u00fdskumn\u00edk s nimi nikdy nenadviazal \u017eiadny kontakt, ich jazyky s\u00fa pre in\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed st\u00e1le nezn\u00e1me, a <strong>preto je e\u0161te \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie ur\u010di\u0165 celkov\u00fd po\u010det jazykov na svete.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolko_jazykov_sa_pouziva_v_Amerike\"><\/span><strong>Ko\u013eko jazykov sa pou\u017e\u00edva v Amerike?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2212 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many6.png\" alt=\"Ko\u013ek\u00fdmi jazykmi sa hovor\u00ed v Amerike?\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many6.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many6-980x613.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many6-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Hoci nepatria medzi \u00faradn\u00e9 jazyky v USA, v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch st\u00e1le existuje 574 indi\u00e1nskych kme\u0148ov\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov. Chr\u00e1ni ich 326 rezerv\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 vlastnia domorod\u00ed Ameri\u010dania. Z 300 p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch jazykov, ktor\u00fdmi sa kedysi hovorilo, dnes zostalo pribli\u017ene len 175 indi\u00e1nskych jazykov, pri\u010dom sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee sa z nich st\u00e1le akt\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edva len asi tucet.<\/p>\n<p>Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee mnoho indi\u00e1nskych kme\u0148ov pova\u017euje svoj jazyk za posv\u00e4tn\u00e9 privil\u00e9gium vyhraden\u00e9 len pre \u010dlenov a \u010dasto sa cudzinci ich jazyk u\u010dia iba po uzavret\u00ed man\u017eelstva alebo posv\u00e4tn\u00e9ho obradu. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu je aj to, ko\u013eko dnes existuje indi\u00e1nskych kme\u0148ov\u00fdch jazykov, st\u00e1le zahalen\u00e9 r\u00fa\u0161kom tajomstva \u2013 rovnako ako <strong>celkov\u00fd po\u010det jazykov, ktor\u00fdmi sa v Amerike hovor\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kolko_jazykov_dnes_existuje\"><\/span><strong>Ko\u013eko jazykov dnes existuje?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2213 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many7.png\" alt=\"Ko\u013eko jazykov dnes existuje?\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many7.png 1200w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many7-980x613.png 980w, https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/many7-480x300.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dnes, s globalizmom, masovou migr\u00e1ciou a rast\u00facimi svetov\u00fdmi ekonomikami, sa \u017eiv\u00e9 jazyky neust\u00e1le menia. Pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov len 23 jazykov dnes predstavuje viac ako polovicu svetovej popul\u00e1cie. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee asi 40 % v\u0161etk\u00fdch svetov\u00fdch jazykov je v doh\u013eadnej bud\u00facnosti ods\u00faden\u00fdch na z\u00e1nik. V\u00fdrazne by to zmenilo <u>mapu svetov\u00fdch jazykov<\/u>.<\/p>\n<p>Ale napriek tomu, ako kult\u00fary umieraj\u00fa a jazyky mizn\u00fa, namiesto nich sa objavuj\u00fa nov\u00e9. Svet jazykov je evolu\u010dnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u013eudskej existencie a glob\u00e1lnym taviacim kotlom, ktor\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledok ani kone\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1ver nepozn\u00e1me. Tak\u017ee ke\u010f si polo\u017e\u00edme ot\u00e1zku: <strong>\u201eKo\u013eko jazykov je na svete?\u201c<\/strong>, m\u00f4\u017eeme t\u00fato ot\u00e1zku prirovna\u0165 iba k zrnk\u00e1m piesku v oce\u00e1ne a dospie\u0165 k z\u00e1veru: \u201eVe\u013ea\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Hoci neexistuje \u017eiadne zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 by v\u00e1m umo\u017enilo hovori\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdmi jazykmi sveta, <a href=\"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prekladace\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">prekladov\u00e9 zariadenia<\/a> Vasco odved\u00fa skvel\u00fa pr\u00e1cu a umo\u017enia v\u00e1m hovori\u0165 108 z nich \u2013 takmer lusknut\u00edm prsta. A nielen v Eur\u00f3pe, ale aj okolo cel\u00e9ho sveta. Medzi ne patr\u00ed okrem n\u00e1\u0161ho jazyka aj angli\u010dtina, gr\u00e9\u010dtina, arab\u010dina a \u010fal\u0161ie jazyky Eur\u00f3py, \u00c1zie \u010di cel\u00e9ho sveta. S\u00fa vytvoren\u00e9 pre \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed neovl\u00e1daj\u00fa ka\u017ed\u00fd hovorov\u00fd \u010di \u00faradn\u00fd jazyk sveta, no radi cestuj\u00fa. \u010ci u\u017e za oddychom, alebo za pr\u00e1cou.<\/p>\n<h3 data-renderer-start-pos=\"16\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"V_kocke\"><\/span>V kocke:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"16\">Po\u010det jazykov, ktor\u00fdmi sa na svete hovor\u00ed, sa odhaduje na pribli\u017ene 7 000. Tento \u00fadaj zoh\u013ead\u0148uje r\u00f4znorodos\u0165 kult\u00far, ke\u010f\u017ee jazyk je \u010dasto formovan\u00fd kult\u00farou.<br \/>\nPresn\u00fd po\u010det dialektov je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165, preto\u017ee to, \u010do sa pova\u017euje za dialekt \u010di jazyk, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ovplyvnen\u00e9 soci\u00e1lnymi a politick\u00fdmi faktormi.<br \/>\nPo\u010det jazykov, ktor\u00fdmi sa hovor\u00ed v \u010c\u00edne, sa odhaduje na pribli\u017ene 300.<br \/>\nPo\u010det jazykov, ktor\u00fdmi sa v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch hovor\u00ed, sa odhaduje na pribli\u017ene 350.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Poradie<\/th>\n<th>Jazyk<\/th>\n<th>Rodil\u00ed hovoriaci<\/th>\n<th>Celkovo hovoriaci<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>Angli\u010dtina<\/td>\n<td>370 mili\u00f3nov<\/td>\n<td>1,5 miliardy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>mandar\u00ednska \u010d\u00edn\u0161tina<\/td>\n<td>920 mili\u00f3nov<\/td>\n<td>1,1 miliardy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>hind\u010dina<\/td>\n<td>340 mili\u00f3nov<\/td>\n<td>600 mili\u00f3nov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u0161paniel\u010dina<\/td>\n<td>460 mili\u00f3nov<\/td>\n<td>540 mili\u00f3nov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>arab\u010dina<\/td>\n<td>310 mili\u00f3nov<\/td>\n<td>420 mili\u00f3nov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p data-renderer-start-pos=\"838\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zamysleli ste sa niekedy nad t\u00fdm, ko\u013eko je na svete jazykov? Ak by ste mali h\u00e1da\u0165, mohli by ste poveda\u0165&#8230; 100? 200? Toto by bol odhad v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny \u013eud\u00ed. V skuto\u010dnosti, ke\u010f s\u00fa \u013eudia po\u017eiadan\u00ed, aby uviedli, po\u010det jazykov, ktor\u00e9 poznaj\u00fa, priemer na svete je len okolo 10. Je to preto, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed je psychologicky [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2206,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[138],"class_list":["post-2070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jazyky","tag-r-faber"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2070","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2070"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2070\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9373,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2070\/revisions\/9373"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2070"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2070"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vasco-electronics.sk\/prispevky\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2070"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}